Understanding Seizures in Dogs and Cats: Signs, Causes, and Care

Written By Emma Andrew

Watching your pet experience a seizure can be a terrifying moment, but staying calm and knowing what to do can make all the difference. Whether caused by illness, injury, or genetic conditions, seizures are manageable with the right knowledge and care. In this guide, we’ll uncover the signs of seizures, how to respond effectively, and how to support your furry companion through this challenging condition.

Seizures 101: Understanding What’s Happening

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrollable surge of electrical activity in the brain. It can cause physical symptoms, unusual behaviours, or loss of consciousness. Seizures come in all shapes and sizes, but they always require close attention and care.

What Causes Seizures in Pets?

1. Epilepsy: The Usual Suspect

  • A neurological disorder causing recurring seizures.

  • Common in dogs but less so in cats.

2. Toxins: A Hidden Danger

  • Ingesting chocolate, rat bait, or toxic plants can trigger seizures.

  • Contact your vet immediately if you suspect poisoning.

3. Sugar Spikes and Drops

  • Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) can affect diabetic or small pets.

  • Missed meals or incorrect insulin doses are common triggers.

4. Brain Trauma

  • Accidents or head injuries can lead to seizures.

5. Infections and Diseases

  • Conditions like meningitis or feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) may play a role.

6. Tumours in Older Pets

  • Brain tumours or lesions are more common in ageing pets.

Spotting the Signs: How to Recognise a Seizure

1. Before the Storm: Pre-Ictal Phase

  • Your pet may seem restless, anxious, or disoriented.

  • Cats may hide, while dogs might cling to you.

2. The Seizure: Ictal Phase

  • Loss of consciousness or responsiveness.

  • Convulsions, paddling movements, drooling, or foaming at the mouth.

  • Involuntary urination or defecation.

3. Aftermath: Post-Ictal Phase

  • Disorientation, temporary blindness, or clumsiness.

  • Pets may seem lethargic or unusually clingy as they recover.

What to Do When Your Pet Has a Seizure

1. Safety First: Protect Your Pet

  • Move furniture or hazards away to prevent injury.

  • Place a soft cushion under their head but don’t try to restrain them.

2. Keep Your Hands Clear

  • Never place your hands in their mouth. Pets cannot swallow their tongues, and attempting to open their mouth can result in injury.

3. Time It

  • Use a timer or your phone to record the duration of the seizure. If it lasts longer than 5 minutes, this is a medical emergency.

4. Reduce Stress and Stimulation

  • Dim the lights and minimise noise in the area to help them recover more comfortably.

After the Seizure: What Comes Next?

1. Comfort and Reassurance

  • Speak softly and offer gentle pats.

  • Let them rest in a quiet, safe space.

2. Monitor Their Behaviour

  • Note any additional symptoms or behaviours.

  • Record details about the seizure to share with your vet.

3. Call Your Vet

  • Provide information on the seizure’s duration, frequency, and any triggers you observed.

Getting Answers: Diagnosing the Cause of Seizures

1. Blood Tests

  • Help identify toxins, infections, or organ dysfunction.

2. Imaging (MRI or CT Scans)

  • Detects tumours, brain lesions, or abnormalities.

3. Neurological Assessments

  • Evaluates brain and nerve function.

Managing Seizures: Helping Your Pet Thrive

1. Anti-Seizure Medications

  • Common treatments include phenobarbital, potassium bromide, or levetiracetam.

  • Consistency is key—never stop or adjust medications without veterinary advice.

2. Dietary Adjustments

  • Special diets like ketogenic or low-glucose formulas can help manage seizures.

3. Minimise Triggers

  • Keep toxic substances and hazards out of reach.

  • Stick to regular feeding schedules to maintain stable blood sugar levels.

4. Track the Details

  • Maintain a seizure journal to record frequency, duration, and possible triggers.

When to Head to the Vet: Emergency Situations

Call your vet immediately if:

  • A seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes (status epilepticus).

  • Your pet has multiple seizures in a short time (cluster seizures).

  • They do not regain consciousness or seem distressed post-seizure.

  • Additional symptoms like vomiting, difficulty breathing, or paralysis occur.

Living with a Pet with Seizures: Staying Hopeful

While managing seizures can be challenging, pets are incredibly resilient. With proper care, medication, and monitoring, many pets continue to lead happy, fulfilling lives.

Final Thoughts

Recognising and managing seizures in pets requires a calm, proactive approach. By understanding the signs, knowing how to respond, and working closely with your vet, you can provide the best possible care for your furry friend ❤️

Emma Andrew
Next

DIY Agility Course: Turn Your Backyard into a Dog Playground